| Concept |
Scott Definition |
Alternative Definition |
| Data |
Elemental objects that have no meaning because they have no context or structure with respect to outside objects. They may be together in a group, yet they have no known meaning, either singly, or as a group. Statistics can be performed on them (which generates information about the data), but by themselves, there is nothing to be known about them. Data is like a unitless scalar; for example, the number 5. |
Data can be raw numbers and text gathered from many sources. [Philip J. Gill]
Data is information that has been translated into a form that is more convenient to move or process, such as it's conversion to binary digital from in computers.
Data are simple descriptions or mechanical measurements of values, such as an air temperature observation that is recorded at a particular time. Data have a single correct value or a set of a few closely interrelated values. Data values are not interpretations, which rely on associated dynamic contexts and relationships. Data are the least mature form of content. [Fourth Wave] |
| Information Fact |
Information has structure. Information provides a basic context for the sub-information and data contained within. Information, by itself, is not useful. A scalar with units; e.g., 5-seconds. We know that 5-seconds is a quantity of time, yet we have no relationship to a larger context. |
Information is data that has been ordered and put in context, such as the pages of a magazine. [Philip J. Gill]
Information is generated by organizing data within contexts. Data can be sorted and grouped into categories, with associations among the data displayed as charts, graphs and maps, for example. Information generation is an essential intermediate step of the knowledge work process, within which knowledge workers examine content in order to discover important relationships through which knowledge is created. [Fourth Wave] |
| Knowledge |
Knowledge is information within a context. Within the limits of the context, the information has meaning through known relationships to the context. The information becomes knowledge only when the user recognizes how the information is related to a context. Knowledge is information plus an understood relationship to a context. |
Knowing what to ignore. [William James]
A subject is knowledge. [Samuel Johnson]
Knowledge is information in action. [Carla O'Dell]
Knowledge exists in the heads of people and may be explicit (expressed), conscious (tacit), and unconscious (inexpressable). [Gloria Gery]
Knowledge is the intellectual product that is generated by associating relationships among items of data and information. The complex, higher-order meaning within knowledge is based primarily on such relationships. Examples of knowledge include a subsurface geological interpretation, a marketing strategy, human expertise about operating a machine, and a guilty verdict in a murder trial. [Fourth Wave] |
| Wisdom Consolidated Knowledge Meka-knowledge Best Practice Experience |
Wisdom is consolidated knowledge with a relationship to an end state, or to a goal; for example, a fundamental principle applicable over a knowledge domain has a goal to describe the properties of something throughout that knowledge domain. Wisdom arises only when a knowledge domain is defined, and the knowledge is consolidated over that domain into fundamental principles, meta-knowledge, with respect to a goal.
A best practice is not wisdom, but rather, only a better option over other options; it is knowledge of options, simply an option over an incomplete knowledge of a domain space. Experience may lead one to select one option over another based on a user assessment of the knowledge domain. A best practice is a preferred instance of knowledge over a domain, but still only knowledge.
Experience is NOT wisdom, and does not provide any wisdom by itself. To experience something does not grant any useful knowledge other than more information and data. Experience is like a recording device. We record events and object properties. But it is up to an intelligent user whether or not the experienced information has meaningful, understood relationships to a context, and thus would become knowledge. Experience can only generate knowledge over a domain. |
Wisdom is knowledge tempered by experience. Whereas knowledge is the basis for discovering options, wisdom ensures the appropriateness of a decision to execute a given option. A best practice is an example documented wisdom. [Fourth Wave]
A best practice is a recorded description of a process that is recognized by experts as an effective, efficient and/or appropriate method for accomplishing a task. Because a best practice is selected from among competing processes that can yield similar results, it is in effect documented wisdom. [Fourth Wave]
|
| Imagination Meka-wisdom |
Imagination operates on wisdom by creating a hypothetical higher-level domain, higher-level context, and extenstion of the context and domain over which the wisdom and knowledge operate quantitatively to the higher-level hypothetical domain, which only partially ever exists. This hypothetical higher-level domain is only an imaginary partial model operating on hyptothetical higher-level principles. The higher-level domain remains hypothetical until it is build from the data, information, and knowledge chuncks a-priori, without prejudice. This is the realm of the new GDSS/Learning Paradigm proposed by my research. |
Alternate definition. |
| Data - Information - Model - Knowledge - GUI - Goals - Wisdom - Mind - Imagination |
 |
| Database |
Scott definition. |
A data base is a kind of content store that contains only data. A more formal term for a data base is data store. [Fourth Wave] |
| Preferred Practice |
Soft wisdom, local wisdom. |
Alternate definition. |
| Best Practice |
Hard wisdom, global wisdom, optimal goal resolution. |
Alternate definition. |
| Knowledge Management |
Scott definition. |
An endeavor that begins with knowledge creation or discovery, continues with gathering, collating, indexing and storing it, and culminates in disseminating and sharing it. [Philip J. Gill]
Knowledge management includes retrieval, storage, discovery, and capture of knowledge, and aims to facilitate the flow of information across an enterprise. The concept transcends technology, having a broader emphasis on services and methods to boost acceptance of new processes within the corporate culture, training, and learning services, collaboration, and security. [http://www.km.gov] |
| Complexity |
Complexity is a state of mind that results from a failure to discern a deeper level of understanding about something.
Once something is understood to satisfaction, an epiphany, complexity ceases to exist, and simplicity prevails.
To say that something is complex, is equivalent to stating a belief in the existence of a deeper meaning about something, but that the meaning is unknown.
Once imagination is understood, it is as simple as the wisdom that supports it, which is as simple as the knowledge that supports it, which is simple as the information that supports it, which is as simple as the data that supports it. |
Alternate definition. |
| Cybernetic |
Human-machine processing of data, information, knowledge, and wisdom to promote human imagination and conjecture. |
Cybernetics is a word coined by group of scientists led by Norbert Wiener and made popular by Wiener's book of 1948, Cybernetics or Control and Communication in the Animal and the Machine. [whatis.com]
Cybernetics is the science or study of control or regulation mechanisms in human and machine systems, including computers. [whatis.com] |
| Imagination Support System (ISS) |
A system that supports and promotes imagination and conjecture, which leads to extension of existing data, rules, information, models, knowledge, goals, wisdom, and mind.
Imagination support systems promote revolutionary new ways of thinking and processing and building, as opposed to wisdom and knowledge support systems, which promote optimal and non-optimal ways of thinking and processing and building. |
Alternate definition. |
| Wisdom Support System (WSS) |
See SAC-LabBk-40, p. 141. |
Alternate definition. |
| Knowledge Support Systems (KSS) |
See SAC-LabBk-40, pp. 140 & 141. |
Alternate definition. |
| Information Support Systems (ISS) |
See SAC-LabBk-40, pp. 140 & 141. |
Alternate definition. |
| Data Support Systems (DataSS) |
See SAC-LabBk-40, pp. 140 & 141. |
Alternate definition. |
| Concept |
Scott definition. |
Alternate definition. |
| Concept |
Scott definition. |
Alternate definition. |
| Concept |
Scott definition. |
Alternate definition. |
| Concept |
Scott definition. |
Alternate definition. |